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Wives' apartment within the Batak longbouse in Pematang Purba, Indonesia
Pematang Purba (often wrongly spelled as Permatang Purba), 54 km from Pematangsiantar, is a village in northern Sumatra where you can visit the restored tribal houses of the Simalungan Batak chiefs. These tribal houses are now a museum. The word "Purba" is the name of the dynasty.
I visited Pematang Purba with some members of AsiaExplorers. Some how our guide thought this sight is not in the itinerary - he has not even been here for years - but we persuaded him to take us there. Lucky that we did, because the visit offered us an opportunity to view an authentic Batak tribal house without being tainted by commercialism.
One of the traditional houses in the Simalungun Batak palace compound.
The reign of the Purba dynasty began in 1624 with the first Simalungun Batak king, Tuan Pangultop Ultop, and continued until 1947 with the 14th and last Simalungun Batak king, Tuan Mogang, after which the Simalungun Batak kingdom was integrated into the newly independent Indonesia. I list down below all the Simalungun Batak kings and their reign. The king originated from Pak Pak, a village close to Acheh province.
Among the tribal houses is the Rumah Bolon, or long house of the Batak chief. It was built by the XII Chief of the Bataks, Tuan Rahalim. The long house was built of solid teak and stand on twenty poles. The roof gables are ornately decorated with designs in red, black and white, the traditional Batak colours. These colours carry special significance, white denotes the holy spirit, red denotes the way of life, and black denotes black magic.
A monument commemorating the Batak kings stand beside a pavillion.
In the middle of the living quarters is a pole with buffalo horns. These signify the supremacy of the Batak chiefs. The more horns there are, the more powerful the chief is regarded. The buffalo motif is carried out into the design of the longhouses as well, and appears on the roof ridge.
The inside of the Batak longhouse is dark and a bit spooky. The long house consists of living quarters, with cooking area, and a sleeping quarters with apartments for each of the chief's 24 wives (some accounts say 12 wives, I am not sure which one is correct).
One of the out-houses in the tribal complex.
The poles holding up the longhouse is adorned with intricate designs that evoke comparison with those of the Orang Ulu of Sarawak, designs which are now a popular tattoo choice in the West.
The Batak kings (or chiefs) are all Christians, so you can see Christian motifs mixed with their age-old animist motifs in the design of their houses as well as in their graves, which are located within the longhouse compound.
The ancient pavillion can still be used today.
Kings of the Purba Dynasty
- Tuan Pangultop Ultop, 1624-1648
- Tuan Ranjinman, 1648-1669
- Tuan Nanggaraja, 1670-1692
- Tuan Batiran, 1692-1717
- Tuan Bakkaraja, 1718-1738
- Tuan Baringin, 1738-1769
- Tuan Bona Batu, 1769-1780
- Tuan Raja Ulan, 1781-1796
- Tuan Atian, 1800-1825
- Tuan Horma Bulan, 1826-1856
- Tuan Raondop, 1856-1886
- Tuan Rahalim, 1886-1921
- Tuan Karel Tanjung, 1921-1931
- Tuan Tuan Mogang, 1933-1947
The Rumah Bolon, or longhouse, of the Simalungun Batak chief.
The poles holding up the longhouse is intricately ornamented. Doesn't the design look like those of the Orang Ulu of Sarawak?
The living quarters inside the longhouse is very dark. In the middle is a pole with buffalo horns.
Tribal instruments.
The buffalo motif is repeated on the roof ridge.
Tim at the entrance into the wives' living quarters.
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