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Pattani Province is a southern province of Thailand. It is bordered by Songkhla Province to the west, Yala Province to the south and Narathiwat Province to the southwest. It faces the Gulf of Thailand to the north.
Pattani Central Mosque
Author: Ukwaenterprise (Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic)
Pattani Province is 1,940 sq km (749 sq mi) in size. It has a population of 600,000 (2011 estimate). The town of Pattani is the provincial capital. The name Pattani is said to have come from the local Malay language meaning "this beach" or in standard Malay, "pantai ini".
There was a Malay kingdom here, the Sultanate of Pattani, which flourished from 1516 to 1771, covering what is present-day Pattani Province, Yala Province and Narathiwat Province. Before that, there was an even older Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of Langkasuka which appeared was here as early as the second century AD, reaching its height in the 6th and 7th centuries.
As with Narathiwat and Yala, Pattani was paying tribute to the Kingdom of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya until 1767, when Ayutthaya was destroyed by the Burmese. It enjoyed twenty years of independence before coming again under Siamese control under King Rama I. It was officially made part of Siam under the 1908 Anglo-Siamese Treaty, during which, the provinces of Narathiwat and Yala were created out of former Pattani areas.
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